Volume / Issue
Journal of architecture and plannin Volume16,1
Article Parental Satisfaction for the Spatial affordance for Children’s Activities in Outdoor Leisure Venue
Author Chuan-Ming Tung、Min-Huai Yu
Abstract

In recent years, the affordance of urban leisure venues has become increasingly diverse. Affordance of public facilities in urban areas has evolved with urban development and changes in the leisure activities undertaken by urban residents. Children living in the urban area of the Ren Ai Elementary School District in Central Taipei City were recruited as research participants. A parental perspective was adopted to determine the parents’ satisfaction with the spatial affordance of outdoor venues for children living in urban areas.

Through drawing on previous studies to determine the parents’ cognitive dimensions related to the spatial affordance of neighborhood outdoor leisure venues, parental satisfaction with outdoor leisure venues in urban central areas was examined to establish and analyze a satisfaction model.

The research results indicate that parental satisfaction was the highest toward the affordance of surveillance and functional in large open spaces among the affordance orientations in outdoor leisure venues for children. In small open spaces, parental satisfaction with safety and functional orientations was high, whereas that for the social orientation was low. In addition, parents reported that neighborhood spatial affordance provided the safety, social, and accessibility orientations but lacked spatial affordance in the functional orientation. Furthermore, parents considered that neighborhood schools provided accessibility and social orientations; however, the spatial affordance of children’s activities in schools in the studied neighborhood was inferior to those in other open spaces around the neighborhood.

The affordance of safety orientations was the parents’ primary concern among the practical factors of spatial affordance in neighborhoods. The primary factors critically influencing safety orientation include minimal traffic, no blind spots, and no suspicious people. Social orientation was significantly influenced by the popularity of locations for children. Factors significantly influencing the functional orientation were flat surface and areas that provide adequate shelter. Regarding accessibility orientation, parents stressed the importance of areas being located close to home. In conclusion, regarding the spatial affordance of children’s activities in neighborhood spaces, the parents emphasized the importance of the spatial affordance of traffic and safety orientations (i.e., minimum traffic and no blind spots), and the importance of functional orientation affordance, such as having a flat surface and adequate shelter was also highlighted.

Keywords parents, outdoor activities for children, spatial affordance, central areas of city
Pages pp. 1-20
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Journal of architecture and plannin Volume16,1
Article An Empirical Study of the Relations between Feng Shui Experts’ Subjective Evaluations and Ojbective
Author Ke-Tsung Han
Abstract

Feng Shui emphasizes wind protection and qi accumulation for site selection, which is supposed to have values of pursuing good fortune and avoiding disaster. However, Feng Shui is often regarded as a superstition due to a lack of examinations of its reliability and validity and replications. This study combined the data on 70 Feng Shui experts’ subjective evaluations of 18 sites regarding building, long, sha, xue, shui, xiang, and overall situation and the data on the geographic features of the 18 sites measured objectively in order to further examine the validity of the Feng Shui experts’ subjective evaluations, to predict and explain the relations among building, long, sha, xue, shui, xiang, and overall situation, and to predict and explain the Feng Shui experts’ subjective evaluations using the physically and objectively geographic features. The results showed that: (1) all the relations among building, long, sha, xue, shui, xiang, and overall situation were significantly positive (Spearman’s rho>0.6); (2) one factor was extracted from the evaluations of building, long, sha, xue, shui, xiang, and overall situation, explaining 75.61% of variances, which demonstrated construct validity; (3) the decrease in the ratio of qing long to bai hu, the increase in the distance from long xue to bai hu, zhu que, and the river, and the increase in the spatial closeness significantly increased the odds of the subjective overall good Feng Shui evaluations, explaining almost 100% likelihood of the ordinal regression, which indicated an excellent overall effect size. This study provided some evidence of the reliability and the validity of luan tou Feng Shui. Not only the Feng Shui experts’ subjective evaluations but also the geographic features measured objectively were in accord with the principle of wind protection of Feng Shui.

Keywords luan tou school, reliability, validity, replication, ordinal regression
Pages pp. 41-80
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Journal of architecture and plannin Volume16,1
Article A Study on Occupying State-Owned Land of Reservoir Watersheds
Author Tsung-Ying Lu、Su-Chuan Chang
Abstract

Reservoir watersheds can store rainfall as the backup water in case of the drought. The quantity of rainfall varies significantly in different seasons. The southern area needs large reservoirs to condition the water storage resources because it rains less here. However, Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed includes state-owned lands and private ones. The state owns so many lands that it’s difficult to manage these lands. The problem is that a great number of the state-owned lands are occupied by the local people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of how the state-owned lands in Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed are used and occupied. This study also analyzes the related laws and management system, value how to put into practice the land management and improve the environmental protection, and prevent the disasters from happening. The study finds that there are five reasons to explain why the state-owned lands are occupied: 1.People have started farming there before Kuomintang government came to Taiwan; 2.The authorities of the lands have changed, but the contract was not renewed;3.The contract cannot be renewed because the state-owned farming lands are used for construction illegally; 4.The contract cannot be renewed because the state-owned farming lands are not cultivated by the owners themselves; 5.People occupied the state-owned lands because of their living demands. The study concludes that to solve the problem of occupying the state-owned lands in Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed, the authorities should regulate different uses of these lands according to their zonings and levels. The authorities should prohibit the lands close to and have more effect on Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed from being occupied and used. The authorities should appropriately allow people to use the lands far away from and have less or no effect on Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed. In accord with state-owned administrative measures, the authorities can solve the problem of occupying the state-owned lands in Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed.

Keywords reservoir watershed, state-owned lands, occupy
Pages pp. 81-98
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Journal of architecture and plannin Volume16,1
Article “Celebrating Squatting”and “Building an Orchid House”:Perspectives on Public Space and Publicne
Author Chih-Sin Chiu
Abstract

Contemporary discourse on squatting present various perspectives. Studies suggest influences from discourse on urban governance on squatting. The paper investigates two sets of architectural discourses on squatting. The first case is "Celebrating Squatting", an art show and a published book honoring the aesthetics of informality symbolized by squatting. The second is "Orchid House", an award-winning solar house proposal prepared for an international urban design competition.  Research methods include content analysis of the book, the report, speech transcripts, and newspaper articles, as well as qualitative data analysis. The analysis draws upon Henri Lefebvre’s and Michel de Certeau’s theories to analyze the data, identifying public space and publicness as two dimensions emphasized by each discourse. “Celebrating squatting” sees squatting as contesting public space and resisting Modernist architecture and Capitalist city. Squatting represents spatial tactics producing representational space. Orchid House aims to reclaim public space from squatters by rebuilding a solar house as a representation of space. Housing rights, sustainability, and urban aesthetics are its three elements of publicness. Each discourse shows a dualist perspective on squatting, thus failing to benefit governance policies significantly. Conclusions suggest a holistic discourse that considers squatters’ behavior, urban policy, and architectural practice as each case’s context. In doing so, a discourse is more likely toinform urban policy and professional practice.

Keywords squatting, architectural discourse, public space, publicness
Pages pp. 21-40
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