The leisure functions of green space are the primary considerations of urban planning in the past. It means the green space, been a public facility, plays a role in serving humanity. The primary purpose of this study is to select the suitable sites of green space based on the perspectives of ecological balance in Jhubei. The theories of landscape ecology were used to summarized assessment factor. The AHP procedures were used to integrate the opinions of experts in related fields. The GIS functions, combined with remote sensing images and field survey data, were used to calculate the scores of each assessment factors for every candidate site of green space. Finally, weighted summation was used to calculate the ecological score of each candidate site, then exploring the impacts of ecological functions in Jhubei if these candidate sites are set to park.

The results show that two factors including more plant species‘ and closer to ecological network‘ have the highest weights. If the five candidate sites with higher ecological score become parks, two indexes of ecological function including ?area‘ and 'distance to water‘ will enhance, but three ones including ?shape‘, ?distance to park‘ and ?distance to ecological network' will decrease, mainly due to Jhubei administrative belongs elongated shape. Overall, this scenario will increase environmental resources in maintaining the ecological balance of the urban as well as providing a more livable environment.

Asakura Shoten, 1993, Ecology of Greenland Conservation, Su-Shin Published Company, Ltd, Taiwan..

Chen, Y.L., 2002, A Study on Urban Ecological Network through Landscape Ecological Approach - Taichung City as Case Study, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Tunghai University, Taiwan.

Cheng, S.T., and Li, H.J., 2006, “Apply AHP to Build the Management Key Point in the River Ecological Engineering”, Journal of Architecture, 57: 69-82.

Chiang, Y.C., 2006, The Metropolis Land Use Rationality Through Landscape Ecological Approach - A Case Study of Hsin-Chu Science Park, Taiwan, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ming Dao University, Taiwan.

Hong, D.J., 1997, A study on the influencing factors of the green cover area for urban parks, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Huang, C.H., 2003, An Analysis of the Services Quality and Spatial Structure Character of Neighborhood Park Network System in Taichung City, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Feng Chia University, Taiwan.

Huang, S.W., and Chen, Y.L., 2003, Discussion on Feasibility of Urban Ecological Network Planning, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan.

Lin, F.T., 1997, “Spatial Analysis Methods for Public Facility Evaluation”, Journal of City and Planning, 24(2): 171-192.

Lin, H.P., 2005, A Study on Urban Open Space Change through a Landscape Ecological Approach：Cases Study of Taoyuan, Pader and Gwei-shan Cities, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ming Chuan University, Taiwan.

Lin, P.Y., and Liaw, S.C., 2008, “Applying the Fuzzy Delphi Method to Analyze the Greenway Functions of Lover River in Kaohsiung City”, Jour. Exp. For. Nat. Taiwan Univ. , 22(2): 89-106.

Lin, Y.J., 2001, Valuation of Green Cover Area in Urban Parks, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Lin, Y.P., Wu, C.F., and Teng, T.P., 2004, “Applying Landscape Ecological matrices to Characterize Spatiotemporal Land Use Mosaic in Hsichih area from 1990 to 2001”, Journal of City and Planning, 31(3): 239-268.

Liu, Y.Y., 2005, The study of multi-purpose greenways system in a metropolis region, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

Pao T., 2004, A Study on the Evaluation Factors of Urban Road through the Greenway Theory of Landscape Ecology - An Example from the West District of Taichung City, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan.

Shen, S.F., and Chen, M.H., 2007, “A Study of Vegetation Coverage Ratio and the Carbon Dioxide Fixation at the Taichung Metropolitan Park”, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 41(2): 411-424.

 Tu, C.H., Chang, Y.S., and Pao, S.P., 2007, “A Suitability Assessment of Refuge Bases with Urban Public Facilities: A Case Study of Chia-Yi City”, Journal of Taiwan Land Research, 10(2): 23-48.

Wang, C.S., 2002, A Study on the Ecological Space Characteristics of Urban Parks - A Case Study of Park Birds in Tainan City, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

Wang, H.L., and Liu, J.Y., 2001, “A Study on the Evaluation of Urban Matrix Environment via Landscape Ecological Approach - A Case Study on the Eastern Region and Nantwen Region in Taichung City”, Journal of Design, 6(2): 1-22

Wang, H.L., and Tseng, Y.Y., 2003, “The Allocation Evaluation of Urban Parks And Greenspace Through Landscape Ecological Approach”, Journal of Design, 8(3): 53-74.

Wang, Q.T., 1995, Ecological culture, Yang-Chun book Co., Ltd, Taiwan..

Wey, W.M., and Lin, H.C., 2006, “A Study of the Location Selection for Urban Neighborhood Park”, Journal of Geographical Science, 45: 51-71.

Yeh, W.C., 2004, Evaluation the performance of Hazards Prevention in Urban Parks, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan.

Yen, T.M., Lee, J.S., Wu, C.H., and Wu, J.Y., 2006, “Application of Fuzzy Delphi Method on National Forestland Management”, Quarterly Journal of Forest Research , 28(3): 69-82.

Yi, J., Lai, M.J., and Yi, J.S., 2004, Landscape Ecology - Theory and Practice, Grandview Enterprise Co., Ltd, Taiwan..

Traditional Planning Criteria Method uses relational planning criteria to evaluate planning projects. It generally makes a score to each planning criterion and lists the order of different projects according to its total scores. That method is easy to operate. But on account of lacking weights consideration, the result will not objectively be accurate.

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was first established by Thomas L. Saaty in 1971. This method changes complex system into several simple element systems. During analytic process, it also uses eigen vector on behalf of priority of each element. If the result is in accordance with consistency, then the priority of several evaluation items can be determined on the basis of eigen value. The paper showed that five importance structural levels of the evaluative model of landscape ecological planning project according to the AHP method were in sequence "the suitability of number of patches", "the suitability of patch size", "the suitability of corridor, connectivity and the network system", "the suitability of patch shape", and "the suitability of edge". By this way, the superior can more objectively evaluate projects of landscape ecological planning and make decision

Antrop, M., 2001, “The language of landscape ecologists and planners - A comparative content analysis of concepts used in landscape ecology”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 55:163-173.

Baschak, L,A., and Brown, R.D., 1995, “An ecological framework for planning, design and management of urban river greenways”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 33:211-225.

Bastian, O., 2000, “Landscape classification in Saxony(Germany) - a tool for holistic regional planning”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 50:145-155.

Chang, W.C., Wen, K.L., and Chang, C.T., 2000, Methods and Application of Grey Relational Model, Taipei, Taiwan: Gau Lih Book Com., Ltd.

Chen, C.H., 2007(b), “Decision of Landscape Ecology Schemes Based on Grey Relational Model”, Proceedings of Combining Cultural and Creative Industries and Environmental Planning in 2007, Taipei, Taiwan: Fu Jen University, 283-296.

Chen, C.H., 2012, Application of AHP Model to Select Planning Project of Landscape Ecology. Conference of Sustainable Landscape Design and Green Material Development, Department of Landscape Design, Mingdao University, 65.

Chen, C.W., and Kung, H.F., 2000, Study on Urban Habitat Survey and Evaluation System, The 4th Annual National Land Planning Practical Forum.

Chen, Y.L., 2002, A Study on the Urban Eco-network in Taichung City- Application of Landscape Ecological Viewpoint. Taichung, Taiwan: master’s thesis in Department of Landscape, Tunghai University.

Chiang, C.S., and Wu, P.L., 1988, The Method of Grey System, Taipei, Taiwan: Gau Lih Book Com., Ltd.

Chiang, Y.C., 2006, The Metropolis Land Use Rationality Through Landscape Ecological Approach - A Case Study of Hsin-Chu Science Park, Taiwan. Changhua, Taiwan: master’s thesis in Department of Environmental Planning and Design, College of Management, Mingdao University.

Deng, H., Yeh, C. H. and Willis, R. J., 2000, “Inter-company comparison using modified TOPSIS with objective weights.” Computers & Operations Research, 27.

Dramstad, W.E., Olson, J.D., and Forman, R.T.T., 1996, Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 18.

Dreistadt, S.H., Dahlstn, D.L., and Frankie, G.W., 1990, “Urban forests and insect ecology”, BioScience, 40(3):192-198.

Fang, M.P., 2001, A Study on the Change of Landscape Pattern and its Affected Factors of Taichung City, Taicung, Taiwan: master’s thesis in Department of Landscape, Tunghai University.

Forman, R.T.T., and Gordon, M., 1986, Landscape Ecology, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Fu, L., 1992, Theory and Application of Grey System, Beijing: Science & Technology Press.

Garber, S.D., 1997, “The Basic Concept Of Urban Ecology”, Proceedings of Conference of Development Concept and Strategy about Sustainable Ecological Urban and Country,  Construction and Planning Agency,  Ministry of The Interior  and Department of Landscape, College of Environmental Design, Chinese Culture University.

Groome, D., 1990, “Green Corridors: A discussion of A Planning Concept”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 19:383-387.

H. N. Tsai, and Y.C. Chen, 1994, “A Study on The Planning Analysis of Eco-network in Urban Landscape”, Research Report of National Science Council.

Hsiao, T.N., 1992, Theory, Method and Application of Landscape Ecology, Taipei, Taiwan: Landscape Press.

Hwang, C. L. and Yoon, K., 1981, Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Ko, K.T., 1996, The Study and Application of The Grey Relational Grade. Taipei, Taiwan: master’s thesis in Department of Electric Engineering, Tatung University.

Leitão, A.B., and Ahern, J., 2002, “Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 59:65-93.

Lenz, R.J.M., and Stary, R., 1995, “Landscape diversity and land use planning: a case study in Bavaria”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 31:387-398.

Linehan, J., Gross, M., and Finn, J., 1995, “Greenway planning: developing a landscape ecological network approach”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 33:179-193.

Ling, T.L., and Li, P.H., 2000, From Viewpoint of Landscape Ecology to Investigate the Habitat of Planning and Design in Urban Green Space, Proceedings of The 3th Gardening Landscape and Environmental Planning and Design.

Löfvenhaft, K., Björn, C., and Ihse, M., 2002, “Biotope patterns in urban areas: a conceptual model integrating biodiversity issues in spatial planning”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 58:223-240.

Saaty, T.L., 1987, “Concepts, Theory, and Techniques - Rank Generation, Preservation, and Reversal in the Analytic Hierarchy Decision Process”, Decision Sciences, 18:157-177.

Satty, T. L. 1980, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Tsai, H.N., and Tsai, S.T., 1998, Biological Diversity, Planning and Management for Urban Landscape Ecology, Taipei, Taiwan: Garden City Cultural Publishing Co., Ltd.

Tung-Po Teng, 2000, Analysis of Urban Green Space by using Landscape Ecology - A Case Study of Shin-Yi Planning Area in Taipei, Taipei: master’s thesis in Department of Landscape, Chinese Culture University.

Wang, C.C., and Li, Y.C., 2006, “Construction of Evaluation Model with Grey Relation Analysis Method for Design Project”, Journal of Design, 9(1) :43-62.

Wang, H.C., Huang, C.Y., and Chen, H.C., 2000, From Viewpoint of Landscape Ecology to Investigate the Meaning of Establishing Ecological City by Natural Remnant Patches of Urban, The 4th Annual National Land Planning Practical Forum.

Wang, H.L., and Tseng, Y.Y., 2001, From Viewpoint of Landscape Ecology to Evaluate The Location of Urban Park and Green Space, Proceedings of The 3th Conference of Research Results about Landscape and Environmental Planning and Design, 323-334.

Wang, M.H., 2006, Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in landscape planning, Taipei, Taiwan: master’s thesis in Department of Landscape, Chinese Culture University.

Wen, K.L., 2003, Method and Application of Grey Relation Model, Taipei, Taiwan: Gau Lih Book Com., Ltd.

Wen, K.L., 2006, MATLAB in The Application of Grey System Theory, Taipei, Taiwan: Chuan Hua Scientific & Technical Publishing C and Analysis o., Ltd.

Wen, K.L., and Huang, Y.F., 2002, Principle and Application of Grey Prediction, Taipei, Taiwan: Chuan Hua Scientific & Technical Publishing Co., Ltd.

Structural measures change risk environment into safer place and such improvements leave a secure impression. With large scale of earthquake disasters, structural measures might provide limited against effect. Relatively, non-structural engineering measures such as land use plan receive increasing attention by controlling development location, type and intensity and to physically lead new development away from risk area but safer places. Although the faith and confidence of land use planning on disaster mitigation are challenged by the public, both America and New Zealand have identified and regulated land use planning on active fault zone. Currently, the regulations of direct, indirect and information disclosure on seismic disaster in Taiwan are too general, and it is necessary to take disaster risks into consideration while approving development plans. Therefore, this study refers to disaster mitigation land use planning experiences in America and New Zealand to conduct a comparative analysis on land use planning and related acts. This study might be suitable referred to future disaster mitigation land use plan in Taiwan.

Alesch, D. A., Arendt, L. A., and Holly, J. N., 2008, Managing for the Long-term Community Recovery in the Aftermath of Disaster, Fairfax, VA: Public Entity Risk Institute.

Allen, K.M., 2006, Community-based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacity-building in the Philippines, Disasters, 30(1): 81-101.

Becker, J. S., Beban, J., Saunders, W. S.A, Van Dissen, R., and King, A., 2013, Land use planning and policy for earthquakes in the Wellington region, New Zealand (2001-2011), Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2013-1: 3-16.

Burby, R., 2006, Hurricane Katrina and the paradoxes of government disaster policy: Bringing about wise government decisions for hazardous areas, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 64: 171-191.

Chen, S. M., Xian Fa Ji Ben Quan Li Zhi Ji Ben Li Lun, Taipei: San Min Book Co., Ltd.

CRED, 2011, Anuual disaster statistical review 2011: The numbers and trends, Ciaco Imprimerie, Louvain-la-Neuve (Bulgium).

Friedmann, J., 1987, Planning in The Public Domain: From Knowledge to Action, Princeton. Princeton University.

Godschalk, D. R., 1991, “Disaster mitigation and hazard management”, in T. E. Drabek and G. J. Hoetmer (eds.), Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, Washington, DC, International City Management Association, 131-160.

Guga-Spair, D., and Vos, F., 2010, Earthquakes: epidemiological perspective on patterns and trends, a draft paper submitted to Human causalities in natural disasters: progress in modeling and mitigation, 1-18.

James, E., 2008, Getting ahead of the next disaster: recent preparedness efforts in Indonesia, Dev Pract, 18(3): 424-429.

Kapiti District Council (2011). District Plan Changes. Kapiti Coast District Council, http://www. kapiticoast.govt.nz/Planning/District-Planning/District- Plan-Changes/, (June 1, 2016)

Ke, Y. C., 2008, “The feasibility assessment of policy planning of land use tools for hazard mitigation: the application of fuzzy Delphi AHP”, Public Administration, 47: 57-90.

Kerr, J., Nathan, S., Van Dissen, R. J., Webb, P., Brunsdon, D., and King, A. B., 2003, Planning for development of land, on or close to active faults: an interim guideline to assist resource management planners in New Zealand, GNS Client Report.

Lee, Y. T., 2004, “The analysis of constitutionality of national examination's negative qualificatory by proportional Principle”, Journal of the Chinese for General Education , 6: 233-259.

O’ Brien, K., Sygna, L., Leichenko, R., Adger, W. N., Barnett, J., Mitchell, T., Schipper, L., Tanner, T., Vogel, C., and Mortreux, C., 2008, Disaster reduction, climate change adaptation and human security, Report prepared for the Royal Norwegian Ministry of foreign affairs by the global environmental change and human security (GECHS) project, GECHS report 2008:3.

Su, Y. M., and Tsai, C. C., 2003, “The research for administrable mechanisms of active faults developed circumscription and the policy assessment”, City and Planning, 30(4): 301-323.

Thomas, E. A., and Medlock, S. R. (2008). A vision plan for Bourne’s downtown: the village of Buzzard Bay, http://www.btdconline.org/Vision-for-Bourne.php, (June 1, 2016)

UNISDR (2009). Terminology on DRR, https://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology, (October 1, 2016).

Wellington City Council (2009). Earthquake-prone buildings policy, http://www.wellington.govt.nz/plans/policies/ earthquake/index.html, (June. 1, 2016).

White, G. F., Kates, R. W., and Burton, I., 2001, Knowing better and losing even more: The use of knowledge in hazards management, Environmental Hazards, 3(2001): 81-92.

Early since the 80s, Silicon Valley has become the world-class tech-pole attracted talent, capitals, and enterprises as a giant cluster in a self-enforcement way to the economic prosperity. However, in recent years, there are evidences showed that startups migrated from Silicon Valley to the north: San Francisco city. The emerging phenomenon is unable to explain by the traditional cluster theories by the following question: “Why San Francisco is a better place than Silicon Valley which is still in the crown of technology-industries region in the world? The explanations are exogenous by the rent sharply decreased after the 2007 financial crisis, comprehensive urban ICT infrastructure, and the supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem. The major endogenous reasoning is because of the business model of the platform enterprises has advantages to grow, exhibition, create online flow and scaling up in the urban environment.

From the perspective of the cluster theory, the spatial proximity and the diversity in the urban environment bring more positive effect of knowledge spillover and the networking as usual arguments. The difference is that platform enterprises are independently competing each other because of the similarity on technology and targeting, as the urban consumers are gradually educated by the innovative product and service, these startups agglomerate closely and keep catching up as a pivot to adapt rapidly for the market. In implication of the urban environment, the emergence of these platform-startup enterprises are not only facilitating the institutional change in the relations between production and consumption, but having the potential to patch the negative urban externalities. However, as it may bring the risk to society as well, the critical challenge would be how to balance with the innovation both for public and private sectors.

Aldrich, H., and Zimmer, C., 1986, Entrepreneurship through social networks, The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, 3-23.

Amin, A., and Thrift, N., 1995, Globalisation, institutional thickness and the local economy, Managing cities: The new urban context, 12: 91-108.

Anderson, A.R., and Jack, S.L. , 2002, The articulation of social capital in entrepreneurial networks: a glue or a lubricant?, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3): 193-210.

Anderson, C., 2007, The Long Tail: How Endless Choice is Creating Unlimited Demand: Random House.

Asheim, B., Coenen, L., et al. , 2007, Face-to-face, buzz, and knowledge bases: sociospatial implications for learning, innovation, and innovation policy, Environment and Planning C, 25(5): 655.

Audretsch, D.B., 2005, Entrepreneurship, Cluster Formation and the Strategic Management of Places. Paper presented at the paper for the APEC Symposium on Industrial Clustering for SMEs, Taipei, March.

Audretsch, D.B., Falck, O., et al. , 2012, Local Entrepreneurship in Context. Regional Studies, 46(3): 379-389.

Audretsch, D.B., and Feldman, M.P. , 2004, Knowledge spillovers and the geography of innovation. Handbook of regional and urban economics, 4: 2713-2739.

Aula, P., and Heinonen, J., 2015, The Reputable Firm: How Digitalization of Communication Is Revolutionizing Reputation Management: Springer.

Autant-Bernard, C., 2001, The geography of knowledge spillovers and technological proximity. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 10(4): 237-254.

Belotserkovsky, J., 2016, Why San Francisco is the new tech titan, not Silicon Valley. http://www.geektime.com/2016/06/08/why-san-francisco-is-the-new-tech-titan-not-silicon-valley/, (March.3, 2017).

Beukes, C., and Hughes, S., 2012, An investigation of mergers and acquisitions as the growth and globalization strategy for Groupon, World Review of Business Research, 2(5): 108-127.

Blank, S., 2013, Why the lean start-up changes everything, Harvard business review, 91(5): 63-72.

Bramanti, A., and Senn, L., 1991, Innovation, firm and milieu: a dynamic and cyclic approach, Innovation networks: spatial perspectives, 89-104.

Burgess, J., and Green, J., 2013, YouTube: Online video and participatory culture: John Wiley and Sons.

Burt, R. S., 2000, The network structure of social capital, Research in organizational behavior, 22: 345-423.

Camagni, R., 1995, Global network and local milieu: applying the Gremi approach to urban evolution, Révue d’economie régionale et urbaine, 3: 591-606.

Carayannis, E.G., and Campbell, D.F. , 2009, 'Mode 3'and'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem, International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3-4), 201-234.

Castells, M., 2011, The rise of the network society: The information age: Economy, society, and culture (Vol. 1): John Wiley and Sons.

CB Insight., 2016, https://www.cbinsights.com/, (September 24, 2016).

Chen, L.C., 2009, Learning through informal local and global linkages: The case of Taiwan's machine tool industry, Research Policy, 38(3), 527-535.

Choudary, S.P., Van Alstyne, M.W., et al. , 2016, Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy—And How to Make Them Work for You: New York: WW Norton and Company.

Cockayne, D.G. , 2016, Entrepreneurial affect: Attachment to work practice in San Francisco's digital media sector, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 34(3), 456-473.

Cooke, P., 2001, Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy, Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4): 945-974. 

Cresswell, T., 2013, Place: A short introduction: John Wiley and Sons.

Dicken, P., 2003, Global shift: Reshaping the global economic map in the 21st century: Sage.

Dicken, P., 2007, Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Dicken, P., 2013, The geography of enterprise, The corporate firm in a changing world economy, 234-244.

Dineen, J.K., 2013, Nov 5, 2013, Silicon Valley's tech firms migrate north, Companies move to San Francisco or open satellite offices.  

Ding, H.b., and Abetti, P.A., 2003, The Entrepreneurial Success of Taiwan: Synergy between Technology, Social Capital and Institutional Support, 14: 91-123.

Drago, I., Mellia, M., et al., 2012, Inside dropbox: understanding personal cloud storage services. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference.

Dubberly, H., 2014, The networked platform revolution: Presentation given at IIT Institute for Design, Chicago.

Economist, T., 2015a, Jul 23rd 2015, Tech-tonic shifts, Daily chart: Mapping the fortunes of Silicon Valley, http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/07/daily-chart-mapping-fortunes-silicon-valley, (March.3, 2017).

Economist, T., 2015b, Jul 25th 2015, To fly, to fall, to fly again. The tech boom may get bumpy, but it will not end in a repeat of the dotcom crash.  http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21659722-tech-boom-may-get-bumpy-it-will-not-end-repeat-dotcom-crash-fly, (March.3, 2017).

Feeney, M., 2015, Is Ridesharing Safe?

Feldman, M., 2000, Location and innovation: the new economic geography of innovation, spillovers, and agglomeration. The Oxford handbook of economic geography, 373-394.

Feldman, M.P. , 2007, Perspectives on entrepreneurship and cluster formation: biotechnology in the US Capitol region In K. R. Polenske (Ed.), The Economic Geography of Innovation: Cambridge University Press.

Florida, R., 2005, Cities and the creative class: Routledge.

Florida, R., 2013, The learning region. Regional Innovation, Knowledge and Global Change, 231-244.

Florida, R., 2014, Startup City: The Urban Shift in Venture Capital and High Technology.

Florida, R., 2016, How Much Do Startup Accelerators Help Cities?   http://www.citylab.com/tech/2016/02/startup-accelerators-economy-geography/463368/, (March.3, 2017).

Foertsch, C., and Cagnol, R., 2013, The History Of Coworking In A Timeline.  http://www.deskmag.com/en/the-history-of-coworking-spaces-in-a-timeline/2, (March.3, 2017).

Freedman, D. , 2012, Web 2.0 and the death of the blockbuster economy. Misunderstanding the Internet, 69-94.

Gandini, A., 2015, The rise of coworking spaces: A literature review, ephemera: theory and politics in organization, 15(1): 193-205.

Gates, B., and Hemingway, C., 2000, Business at the speed of thought: Succeeding in the digital economy: Penguin UK.

Geron, T., 2012, Top Startup Incubators And Accelerators: Y Combinator Tops With $7.8 Billion In Value, Forbes.  https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2012/04/30/top-tech-incubators-as-ranked-by-forbes-y-combinator-tops-with-7-billion-in-value/, (March.3, 2017).

Geron, T., 2013, Airbnb and the unstoppable rise of the share economy, Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2013/01/23/airbnb-and-theunstoppable-rise-of-the-share-economy, (March.3, 2017).

Glaeser, E., 2012, Viewpoint: Triumph of the city, Journal of Transport and Land Use, 5(2).

Glaeser, E.L., 1999, Learning in cities, Journal of Urban Economics, 46(2): 254-277.

Glaeser, E.L., 2007, Entrepreneurship and the City, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

Graham, S., 1998, The end of geography or the explosion of place? Conceptualizing space, place and information technology, Progress in human geography, 22(2): 165-185.

Graham, S., 2001, Information technologies and reconfigurations of urban space, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 25(2): 405-410.

Green, R., 2014, Collaborate or compete: how do landlords respond to the rise in coworking?, Cornell Real Estate Review, 12(1): 9.

Griffith, T.L., Yam, P.J., et al. , 2007, Silicon valley's ‘one-hour’ distance rule and managing return on location, Venture Capital, 9(2): 85-106.

Hallen, B.L., Bingham, C.B., et al. , 2014, Do Accelerators Accelerate? A Study of Venture Accelerators as a Path to Success? Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.

Hamari, J., Sjöklint, M., et al., 2015, The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption. Available at SSRN 2271971.

Hanan, M., and Karp, P., 1989, Customer Satisfaction: How to Maximize, Measure, and Market Your Company's “ultimate Product”: American Management Association.

Hancock, R., 2016, 2016 Silicon Valley Index: Joint Venture Silicon Valley.

Hudson, J., and Khazragui, H.F., 2013, Into the valley of death: research to innovation, Drug discovery today, 18(13): 610-613.

Jacobs, J., 1970, The economy of cities, The economy of cities.

Johansson, B., Karlsson, C., et al. , 2006, The emerging digital economy: entrepreneurship, clusters, and policy: Springer Science and Business Media.

Kaplan, S.J., 2014, Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Karagiannis, T., Broido, A., et al. , 2004, Is p2p dying or just hiding?[p2p traffic measurement]. Paper presented at the Global Telecommunications Conference, 2004. GLOBECOM'04. IEEE.

Katz, B., and Bradley, J., 2013, The metropolitan revolution: How cities and metros are fixing our broken politics and fragile economy: Brookings Institution Press.

Kenney, M., and Von Burg, U., 2000, Creating Silicon Valley. Understanding Silicon Valley: The anatomy of an entrepreneurial region, 218.

Kenney, M., and Zysman, J., 2016, The Rise of the Platform Economy, Issues in Science and Technology, 32(3): 61-69.

Knight, F.H., 1921, Risk, uncertainty and profit. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Lee, C.M., 2000, The Silicon Valley edge: A habitat for innovation and entrepreneurship: Stanford University Press.

Lin, C.j., 2011, How do the winner sustain the success on Internet.

Lin, F.H., and Hsiao, Y.T., 2012, Wretch. cc–We Come, We See, We Blog, Management Review, 31: 169-172.

Link, A.N., and Scott, J.T., 2003, The growth of research triangle park, Small Business Economics, 20(2): 167-175.

Lundvall, B.A., 2010, National systems of innovation: Toward a theory of innovation and interactive learning (2): Anthem Press.

Malecki, E.J., and Gorman, S.P., 2001, Maybe the death of distance, but not the end of geography: the Internet as a network, The Wired Worlds of Electronic Commerce, London: John Wiley, 87-105.

Malecki, E. J., and Moriset, B., 2007, The digital economy: Business organization, production processes and regional developments: Routledge.

Marshall, A., 1920, Principles of economics: an introductory volume.

Marshall, A., and Guillebaud, C.W., 1961, Principles of economics.

McArthur, E., 2014, Many-to-many exchange without money: why people share their resources, Consumption Markets and Culture(ahead-of-print): 1-18.

Mitra, J., 2013, Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development: an introduction: Routledge.

Nalebuff, B.J., and Brandenburger, A.M., 1997, Co-opetition: Competitive and cooperative business strategies for the digital economy, Strategy and leadership, 25(6): 28-33.

Nanda, R., and Sørensen, J.B., 2010, Workplace peers and entrepreneurship, Management science, 56(7): 1116-1126.

Nelson, R.R., and Winter, S.G., 2009, An evolutionary theory of economic change: Harvard University Press.

North, D.C., 1990, Institutions, institutional change and economic performance: Cambridge university press.

Orsi, J., 2013, The sharing economy just got real, Shareable.net.

Page, M., Molina, M., et al. , 2013, The Mobile Economy, London: AT Kearney.

PBworks, 2016, San Francisco Coworking Spaces.

http://wiki.coworking.org/w/page/16583935/SanFranciscoCoworking, (December 15, 2016).

Piore, M.J., and Sabel, C.F., 1984, The second industrial divide: possibilities for prosperity: Basic books.

Polanyi, M., 1966, The Tacit Dimension.

Porter, M.E., 1990, The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Harvard business review.

Porter, M.E., 1998, Clusters and the new economics of competition (Vol. 76): Harvard Business Review.

Rauch, D.E., and Schleicher, D., 2015, Like Uber, But for Local Governmental Policy: The Future of Local Regulation of the “Sharing Economy”, George Mason Law and Economics Research Paper(15-01).

Rempel, J., 2014, A Review of Uber, the Growing Alternative to Traditional Taxi Service.

Ries, E., 2011, The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses: Random House LLC.

Rocha, H.O., 2004, Entrepreneurship and development: The role of clusters, Small Business Economics, 23(5): 363-400.

Romer, P.M., 1986, Increasing returns and long-run growth, The journal of political economy, 1002-1037.

Sabel, C., 1989, Flexible Specialization and the Re-Emergence of Regional Economies. In E. Jonathan. Zeitlin and Paul Q., Hirst (Ed.), Reversing Industrial Decline?: Industrial Structure and Policy in Britain and Her Competitors, New York: Martin's Press.

Saxenian, A., 1996, Regional advantage: Harvard University Press.

Saxenian, A., 2007, The new argonauts: Regional advantage in a global economy: Harvard University Press.

Schumpeter, J.A., 1934, The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle (55): Transaction publishers.

Scott, A.J. , 1988, New industrial spaces: Flexible production organization and regional development in North America and Western Europe, (3): Pion Ltd.

SFGov., 2016, Commercial Real Estate. http://sfgov.org/scorecards/commercial-real-estate, (March.3, 2017).

Slee, T., 2015, What’s yours is mine: New York, OR Books.

Stehlin, J., 2016, The Post‐Industrial “Shop Floor”: Emerging Forms of Gentrification in San Francisco's Innovation Economy, Antipode, 48(2): 474-493.

Storper, M., and Venables, A.J., 2004, Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy, Journal of economic geography, 4(4): 351-370.

Stross, R., 2012, The launch pad: Inside Y combinator, Silicon Valley's most exclusive school for startups: Penguin UK.

Tan, J., 2006, Growth of industry clusters and innovation: Lessons from Beijing Zhongguancun Science Park, Journal of Business venturing, 21(6): 827-850.

Tolbize, A., 2008, Generational differences in the workplace.

Wray, F., 2012, Rethinking venture capital in economic geographical research, Geography Compass, 6(10), 589-601.

Zervas, G., Proserpio, D., et al., 2013, The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry, Boston U., School of Management Research Paper, 16, 2014.