The WHO proposed the concept of "Active Ageing" in 2002 and encourages the elderly to increase the degree of active ageing through social participation and activities. According to literature review, it is pointed out that the traffic environment is an important factor that affects the frequency of participation of elderly. This article use "activity behavior" of the elderly as center linking with "personal characteristics", "urban-rural space" and "active ageing" to understand how different socioeconomic conditions, traffic environment satisfaction, urban and rural space and activity characteristics influence the degree of active ageing. There are four important findings. 1. "Walking and sport" is the most important activity behavior of the elderly, followed by "shopping", "medical activity" and "visiting relatives and friends"; however, "social participation" is currently not the important daily activity of elderly. 2. Except for "visiting relatives and friends" which is not significant and "medical activity" which shows a negative impact, the rest of the "activity behavior" have a significant positive impact on active ageing. 3. Except for "working activity", "social participation" and "medical activity", the proportion of other "activity behavior" in urbanized areas is significantly greater than non-urbanized areas. It could pay more attention on increasing the accessibility of the "working activity" in urbanized areas and "walking and sport" in non-urbanized areas to promote the degree of active ageing. 4. It is still lack of friendly walking environment for elderly. Improving the walking environment can not only increase the participation frequency of elderly people in activities, but also indirectly increase the degree of active ageing.

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The increasing attention has been paid on informal industrial plants on farmlands. According to the tax statements, the significant increment of informal industrial plants (60 thousand to 130 thousand) from 2001. Although the incredible increasing amount on informal industrial plants, such informal phenomena has originated in 1960. During that time, the establishment of industrial plants on farm land could actual save both production cost and human source cost. In addition, the “factory in living room” made the informal industrial plants common on farmland. And further resulted in the increasing informal industrial plants and the lost control on farmlands. Till now, the conflicts on informal industrial plants keeps going. According to the farmland resources investigation conducted by Executive Yuan Agricultural Committee, there are 1,350 thousand farmlands (around 170 thousand hectare) have been illegal used by the industrial uses. The serious impacts of informal industrial plants include the pollution on surrounding farmlands, food insecurity, and human health issues etc. The Factory Management Act attempts to legalize the informal industrial plants on-site while the Spatial Planning Act attempts to legalize informal industrial plants based upon the spatial plan on-site or off-site. Therefore, this study applies spatial autocorrelation in ArcGIS to analyze the clustered/dispersed pattern of informal industrial plants. Afterwards, ordinary least square is then applied to analyzing the factors affect such clustered pattern. It is found that the informal industrial plants have the characteristics of spatial aggregation. This phenomenon indicates that the establishment of the informal industrial plants is affected by the neighboring areas. As a whole, this study attempts to explore on-site or off-site legalization of informal industrial plants based upon suitability analysis. It is hoped that when the government formulates policies related to illegal factories in the future, it will give the government a reference for policy formulation.

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Based on the perspective of innovation input and talent evolution, this research analyzes how Taiwan's machine tool industry has shaped an innovation milieu through local production networks. In order to describe the important role that talents play in the innovation process, this study adds human resource management to the questionnaire surveying the evolution of industrial innovation input on the one hand, and analyzes the evolution of talents of Taiwan’s machine tool industry through narrative statistical analysis on the other hand. Considering that the machine tool industry has formed a dense outsourcing network in the central region, this study uses in-depth interviews to analyze how it can be used in local production networks to shape an innovative milieu. We found that with the development of the machine tool industry, its input in R&D, technology, and human resource management has shown an increasing trend, especially in recent years that have focused on R&D. The level of talent in the entire industry has also improved with the transformation of innovation input, and talents play a key role in the receivers and transmitters of knowledge. The interaction between the central plants and the co-factory is the key to its ability to form an innovative milieu. In recent years, the co-factory has gradually transformed from an initial supporter to a major role that can take the lead in transforming innovation input. Changes in international trends, market concerns, external shocks, government policies and public R&D institutions are the influencing factors that promote the transformation of input in the machine tool industry.

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