Han and Lin’s (2006) quasi-experiment study found that plants at the back of a classroom were helpful for students’ emotion, health, and behavior. Thus, the purpose of this study was to further examine the influence of classroom greenness, visibility of greenness, distance of plants, and actual plants versus pictures of plants on the students’ emotion, physiology, cognition, and restoration. This study was a quasi-experiment, which recruited 35 students at the Taiping Junior High School, Taichung as the subjects and lasted for a whole semester. The results indicated that even 2% greenness of the classroom floor was significantly conducive to well-being, more visible plants at the front of the classroom significantly reduced more state anxiety than less visible plants at the back of the classroom, less visible plants at the back of the classroom significantly increased more well-being than less visible plant pictures at the same location, and either closer to actual plants or plant pictures significantly reduced more state anxiety than farther away from either one.

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Han, K. T., and Lin, H. C., 2006, “The influences of plants in classrooms on junior high school students’ psychology, behavior, and health”, Journal of Education & Psychology, 29: 719-744.

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Han, K. T., 2003, “A reliable and valid self-rating measure of the restorative quality of natural environments”,  Landscape and Urban Planning, 64: 209-232.

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Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., and Garling, T., 2003, “Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23: 109-123.

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Kahn, P. H., Jr., Friedman, B., Gill, B., Hagman, J., Severson, R. L., Freier, N. G., Feldman, E. N., Carrere, S., and Stolyar, A., 2008, “A plasma display window?—the shifting baseline problem in a technologically mediated natural world”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28: 192-199.

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Kaplan, S., 1995, “The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15: 169-182.

Khan, A. R., Younis, A., Riaz, A., and Abbas, M. M., 2005, “Effect of interior plantscaping on indoor academic environment”, Journal of Agriculture Research, 43: 235-242.

Kim, E., and Mattson, R. H., 2002, “Stress recovery effects of viewing red-flowering geraniums”, Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, 13: 4-12.

Larson, L., Adams, J., Deal, B., Kweon, B. S., and Tyler, E., 1998, “Plants in the workplace: the effects of plant density on productivity, attitudes, and perceptions”, Environment and Behavior, 30: 261-281.

Laumann, K., Garling, T., and Stormark, K. M., 2001, “Ratting scale measures of restorative components of environments”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21: 31-44.

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Liu, M., Kim, E., and Mattson, R. H., 2003, “Physiological and emotional influences of cut flower arrangements and lavender fragrance on university students”, Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, 14: 18-27.

Lohr, V. I., 1992, “The contribution of interior plants to relative humidity in an office”, In P. D. Relf (ed.), The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-being and Social Development, Portland, OR: Timber Press, 117-119.

Lohr, V. I., and Pearson-Mims, C. H., 1996, “Particulate matter accumulation on horizontal surfaces in interiors: influence of foliage plants”, Atmospheric Environment, 30: 2565-2568.

Lohr, V. I., and Pearson-Mims, C. H., 2000, “Physical discomfort may be reduced in the presence of interior plants”, HortTechnology, 10: 53-58.

Lohr, V. I., Pearson-Mims, C. H., and Goodwin, G. K., 1996, “Interior plants may improve worker productivity and reduce stress in a windowless environment”, Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 14: 97-100.

Park, S. H., and Mattson, R. H., 2008, “Effects of flowering and foliate plants in hospital rooms on patients recovering from abdominal surgery”, HotTechnology, 18: 563-568.

Park, S. H., and Mattson, R. H., 2009, “Therapeutic influences of plants in hospital rooms on surgical recovery”, HortScience, 44: 1-4.

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Schroeder, H. W., 1989, “Esthetic perception of the urban forest: a utility perspective”, Journal of Arboriculture, 15: 292-294.

Shibata, S., and Suzuki, N., 2002, “Effects of the foliage plant on task performance and mood”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22: 265-272.

Shibata, S., and Suzuki, N., 2004, “Effects of an indoor plant on creative task performance and mood”, Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 45: 373-381.

Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Vagg, P. R., and Jacbos, G. A., 1983, “Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

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Wells, N. M., 2000, “At home with nature: effects of “greenness” on children’s cognitive functioning”, Environment and Behavior, 32: 75-795.

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Urban disasters prevention system has considered the evacuation routes and shelters location in the plan. This study applies Maximal Covering Location Problem and uses location analysis software SITATION to find the optimum solution. Then Geographic Information System spatial analysis is used for location attributes database and TELES integrated with Google Earth is applied for display to public. Finally the residents demand is expected to reflect in optimum shelter location decision via public participation.

Burby, R. J., French, S. P., and Nelson, A., 1998, Plans, Code Enforcement, and Damage Reduction: Evidence from Northridge Earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, 14(1): 59-74.

Central Geological Survey, 2003, Active Fault Investigation Report- Shin-Hua Fault, Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs.

Chang L. S., Chou M., and Chen P. Y., 1947, Earthquake on December 5 1996 Tainan, Geological Survey Journal of Taiwan Province, 1: 11-18.

Chang, H. C., Lin, C. W., Chen, M. M., and Lu, S. T., 2000, An Introduction to the Active Faults of Taiwan: Explanatory Text of the Active Fault Map of Taiwan Scale 1:500,000, Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs.

Chen, C. C., Hung, H. C., Chan, S. L., and Chien, C. Y., 2003, An Application of Earthquake Risk-Benefit Analysis in Land Use Planning: Using HAZ-Taiwan System, City and Planning, 30(4): 281-299

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Davidson, R. A., Zhao, H., and Kumar, V., 2003, Quantitative Model to Forecast Changes in Hurricane Vulnerability of Regional Building Inventory, Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 9(2): 55-64.

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Hagihara Y., Okada H., and Tatano H., 2006, Comprehensive Disaster Prevention Methodology, Kyoto University Academic Press.

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Ho, M. C., and Hung, H. C., 2004, Integration Urban Disaster Prevention Spatial Systems Planning and HAZ-Taiwan of Study (TELES)- Hsin-Chu City Disaster Prevention Spatial Systems Planning, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.

Ho, M. C., and Hung, H. C., 2007, Handbook of Spatial Systems Planning for Urban Disaster Prevention, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.

Ho, M. C., Hung, H. C., Chen, C. J., Chen, L. W., Chian, C. Y., Chen, S. Y., and Wang, H. Y., 2009, A Comprehensive Assessment of the Earthquake Vulnerability and Risk: A Case Study of the Hsinchu City, Journal of Architecture, 70(S): 111-126.

Ho, M. C., Lee, Y. L. and Chien, J. C.. 2006, Shin-Hua Township Disaster Prevention Spatial Systems Planning, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.

Ho, M. C., Lee, Y. L., and Tai, C. A., 2009, Public Participation in Urban Disaster Prevention Spatial System Planning- Application of Google Earth, Journal of Architecture, 68(S): 89-102.

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Jiang, C. C., 2002, Architecture and Urban Disaster Prevention- Urban Disaster Prevention and Planning Theory, Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior.

Lee, Y. L., Chou, S. H., and Tai, C. A., 2009, A Study of Relationship Analysis between Urban Earthquake's Temporary Shelter Location and Its Service Range- Yung-kang City, Journal of Architecture, 67: 149-168.

Li, Y. S., Hsieh, H. N., Yen, K. C., and Li, Y. S., 2010, Planning and Establishing Urban Disaster Prevention Spatial System in Jhubei City, Hsinchu County, Journal of Architecture and Planning, 10(3): 201-219.

Lin, J. J., and Hsieh, G. H., 2003, Study of the Covering Model for the Effective Location Planning of Temporary Refuges in Earthquake Disaster, City and Planning, 30(4): 149-168.

Loh, C. H., Yeh, C. H., Chen, L. C., Hung, H. C., Jean, W. Y., and Liao, W. I., 2002, Damage Assessment System Haz-Taiwan for Seismic Loss Estimation in Taiean, Bulletin of the College of Engineering, N.T.U., 85:13-32.

Meletti, G., Patacca, E., and Scandone, P., 2000, Construction of a Seismotectonic Model: The Case of Italy, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 157(1): 11-35.

Olshansky, R. B., 2001, Land Use Planning for Seismic Safety: The Los Angles County Experience, 1971-1994, Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(2): 173-185.

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Shih, B. J., and Chen, S. Y., 2006, Application Earthquake Loss Estimation in Disaster Prevention Spatial Systems Planning, Meishan Earthquake Centenary Symposium.

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Sin-hua Town, 2006, Sin-hua Rezone Planning (First review of public service reserved land).

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Whitman, R. V., Anagnos, T., Kircher, C., Lagorio, H. J., Lawson, R. S., and Schneider, P., 1997, Development of a National Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology, Earthquake Spectra, 13(4): 643-661.

Yeh, C. H., 2004, Earthquake Scenario Simulation Technology Development and Application, Taiwan Active Faults and Earthquake Disaster Workshop.

This study is to explore Filipino and Indonesian migrant workers’ impacts and their meanings of gathering/consumption activities on divided cities in Kaohsiung City. We will take on empirical study in the citys’ commercial area or shopping street in Kaohsiung City. Four major research methods are applied, including questionnaire survey, interview, participant observation and regression analysis and correlation test. Data will be obtained from the questionnaire answers of local inhabitants and shop keepers and analysed via SPSS10.3 statistical methods.

The main outcomes of this study are as follows：1. In Kaohsiung City, we have found that the partitioning of urban space has begun to become. And, community inhabitants have significant attitude than shop keepers. 2. In the impacts of migrant workers’ gathering on commercial streets, community inhabitants also have tolerant attitude than shop keepers. 3. In the viewpoint of local inhabitants, people who are non-Moslem, non-divorcee, and has positive attitude to migrant workers, will think that migrant workers’ gathering/consumption activities have resulted in divided cities in Kaohsiung City. In the viewpoint of shop keepers, they who have positive attitude to shop operation and who think migrant workers have contributed in local economy and cultural interflow, will think that migrant workers’ gathering/consumption activities have resulted in divided cities.

Bureau of Employment and Vocational Training, Council of Labor Affairs, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Executive Yuan, 2009, Foreign Labor Statistics, http://labor.kcg.gov.tw/labor.htm.（2009, October, 23）

Chen, K. H., 2006, Study on Migrant Workers’ Consumption Patterns and Their Relations Between Community Space in Southern Taiwan Citys’ Commercial Areas－Cases Study From Tainan County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, National Science Council Project Report.

Chen, K. H., 2007, Study on Migrant Workers’ Consumption Patterns and Their Relations Between Community Space in Southern Taiwan Citys’ Commercial Areas－Cases Study From Tainan County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, National Science Council Project Report.

Chen, K. H., 2008, Study on Migrant Workers’ Consumption Patterns and Their Relations Between Community Space in Southern Taiwan Citys’ Commercial Areas－Cases Study From Tainan County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, National Science Council Project Report.

Chen, K. H., 2009a, Study on Migrant Workers’Gathering in Urban Commercial Area and Its Relations Between the Partitioning of Urban Space, National Science Council Project Report.

Chen, K. H., 2009b, “Study on Southeast Asian Migrant Workers’Gathering and Consumptive Activities in Urban Commercial Area and Its Impacts on Community Spaces”, 2009 Annual Conference on Taiwans’ Southeast Asian Studies（ACTSEAS 2009）, Taipei, Taiwan: Center for Asia-Pacific Area Studies RCHSS, Academia Sinica.

Chen, K. H., 2009c, “Comparison of Southeast Asian Migrant Workers’Consumption Patterns in Commercial Area of Tainan County/City and Kaohsiung County/City”, Journal of architecture and planning, 9（3）: 211-234.

Chen, K. H., 2009d, Consumption Theories, Taipei: YangChih Publishing Company Ltd.

Chen, K. H., 2010a, Study on Migrant Workers’Gathering in Urban Commercial Area and Its Relations Between the Partitioning of Urban Space, National Science Council Project Report.

Chen, K. H., 2010b, “Study on Filipino Migrant Workers’ Gathering and Consumptive Activities in Urban Commercial Area and Its Impacts on Urban Community Spaces in Kaohsiung City”, Journal of architecture and planning,11（3）: 161-192.

Chen, K. H., 2010c, “Explorations on Migrant Workers’Gathering in Urban Commercial Area and Its Relations Between the Partitioning of Urban Space in Kaohsiung City”, 2010 Annual Conference on City Planning, Regional Science, Area Planning and Housing Development, Taipei: National Chengchi University.

Chen, K. H., 2011a, “Study on Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Gathering and Consumptive Activities in Urban Commercial Area and Its Impacts on Urban Community Spaces in Tainan City”, Asia-Pacific Forum, 51: 66-93.

Chen, K. H., 2011b, “Explorations on Migrant Workers’ Gathering in Urban Commercial Area and Its Relations Between the Partitioning of Urban Space in Taichung City”, 2011 Annual Conference on Taiwans’ Southeast Asian Studies（ACTSEAS 2009）, Taipei : Tamkang University.

Chen, K. H., 2011c, “Explorations on Migrant Workers’ Gathering in Urban Commercial Area and Its Relations Between the Partitioning of Urban Space－Taichung City Case Study”, 2011 Annual Academic Conference on Geographic Studies, Changhua : National Changhua University of Education.

Chou, C. H., 2003, Migrant labors: a catalyst for rebuilding urban space, Unpublished Master Dissertation,  TungHai University.

Ciou, S. S. and Chen, K. H., 2009, “Philippino Migrant Workers’ Sense of Place around The Lady of Catholic Chapel Area on Jiangguo 4th Rd. Kaohsiung City”, Journal of Taiwan Culture, 3: 23-50.

Lan, P. C., 2002,“A Transnational Topography for the Migration and Identification of Filipina Migrant Domestic Workers”, Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, 48: 169-219.

Shu, H. Y., 2000, The Use of Space and Its Effect in a Filipino Labor Gathering Area－Christopher Church Area on Chung-Shan North Road, Unpublished Master Dissertation, Tamkang University.

Wang, C. H., 2006, “Dis/placed Identification and Politics of Space: The Consumptive Ethnoscape around Tao-Yuan Railroad Station”, Taiwan: A Radical Quarterly in Social Studies, 61: 149-203.

Wu, P. N., 2003, ChungShan－The Formation of a Filipino Migrant Workers’Community Space in Taipei, Unpublished Master Dissertation, National Taiwan University.

Chen, K. H., 2008, “The Formation and Meanings of Southeast Asian Migrant Workers’ Ethno-Consumptive Space on Tainan City/County and Kao-hsiung City/County in Taiwan”, 2008 International Symposium on City Planning, Jeonju, Korea: Chonbuk National University.

Du, H., and Li, S. M., 2010, “Migrants, Urban Villages, and Community Sentiments: A Case of Guangzhou, China”, Asian Geographer, 27(1-2): 93-108.

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Friman, H. R., 2002, “Between States and Cities: Transnational Migration and the Politics of Incorporating Divergence”, in Paper Prepared for Conference on Transnational Migration and Social Justice in the Global City, Milwaukee, WI.

Huang, S., and Yeoh, B. S. A., 1994, “Women, Childcare and the State in Singapore”, Asian Studies Review, 17(3): 50-61.

Huang, S., and Yeoh, B. S. A., 1996, “Ties that bind: state policy and migrant female domestic helpers in Singapore”, Geoforum, 27: 479-493.

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Marcuse, P., 2002, “The Shifting Meaning of the Black Ghetto in the United States”, in Marcuse, P., and Kempen, R. V.（eds）, 2002, Of States and Cities: The Partitioning of Urban Space, Chapter 6, Oxford: Oxford University Press., 109-142.

Marcuse, P., and Kempen, R. V.（eds）, 2002, “Of States and Cities: The Partitioning of Urban Space”, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Yeoh, B. S. A., and Huang, S., 1998, “Negotiating Public Space: Strategies and Styles of Migrant Female Domestic Workers in Singapore”, Urban Studies, 35(3): 583-602.

Residential segregation patterns like ghetto, gated community, and black area are often analyzed inUnited States and Europe and aborigines in Taiwan, especially Taipei or Kaoshung Metropolis, cannot live in Homeland due to urban development policies.  Inferior socioeconomic status of Aborigines in cities and high level in rent as well as price of housing may lead aborigines into unaffordability in housing.  They can only construct simple but illegal housing by like San-Ying Tribal, Sindian-River riverside, and Taiyuan Tahan-River riverside by themselves.

This study applied index of segregation established by Massey and Denton in 1988 and worked with Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate residential segregation levels of Towns in Taipei County for the purpose of investigating the differences in segregation levels among these Towns.  The demonstrative results from Multivariate linear regression show that: index of residential segregation in Taipei County distributes between 0.0966 and 0.5803, the most seriously segregated district is Wan-Li Town and the most slightly segregated one is Wu-Lai Town; independent variables in this study such as “metropolitan living perimeters”, “urbanization level”, and “average land value” positively influence residential segregation significantly.

Chen, Kung-Hung, 2010, “Study on fillip into migrant workers gathering and consumptive activities in urban commercial area and its impacts on urban community spaces in Kaohsiung City”, Journal of Architecture and Planning, 11(3):161-192.

Huang, Yi, 2001, “Residential segregation during housing industrialization: example of ShanHai”, Modern Urban Research, 4: 41-44.

Ko, Chyong- Fang, 1992, “ Ethnic residential segregation in Los Angeles county”, A Journal of European and American Studies, 22(3): 67-97.

Tseng, Hsi-Peng, and Hsueh, Li-Min, 2004, “The explicit model of intra-metropolitan mobility and housing choice－an interpretation based on housing consumption disequilibrium and adjustment”, Journal of Architecture and Planning, 5(1):1-28.

Yang, Shang-Guang, and Wang, Chun-Lan, 2006, “Sociological research on residential variance in ShangHai City”, Sociology, 26(6): 117-211.

Yang, Chung-Hsin, 2001, “Dynamic externalities in manufacture industry”, Taiwan Institute of Regional Science/Taiwan Institute of Urban Planning Conference Proceedings, Taipei City, 323-363.

Yang, Chung-Hsin, and Lin, Yu-Zhun, 2003, “Dynamic externalities in urban producer service industry”, City and Planning, 32(2): 91-107.

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Andersson, R., Brama, A., and Holmquist, E., 2010, “Counteracting segregation: Swedish policies and experiences”, Housing Studies, 25(2): 237-256.

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Farley, R., 1991, “Residential segregation of social and economic groups among blacks”, 1970 1980, in: C. Jencks and P. E. Peterson (Eds.) The Urban underclass. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution., 274–298.

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Horner, M. W., and Marion, B, M., 2009, “A spatial dissimilarity-based index of the jobs—housing balance: conceptual framework and empirical tests”, Urban Studies, 46(3): 499-517.

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Iceland, J., Goyette, K. A., Nelson, K. A., and Chan, C., 2010, “Racial and ethnic residential segregation and household structure: a research note”, Social Science Research, 39(1): 39-47.

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Krupka, D. J., 2007, “Are big cities more segregated? neighborhood scale and the measurement of segregation”, Urban Studies, 44(1): 187-197.

Li, Z., and Wu, F., 2008, “Tenure-based residential segregation in post-reform Chinese cities: a case study of Shanghai”, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 20(2): 210-217.

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