Thailand has a long history of agricultural land policy since the first establishment of the former Kingdom in the 13th century. Most of the early day policy is to manage the land around the capital area. Bangkok Metropolitan Region has been formed to follow agricultural export policy since the 19th century. To explain what has happened to suburban farmland and urban agrarian families is to understand what influences the policy has on land and people. The paper is to review the former agricultural land policies and agricultural support programs of Thailand, and to investigate what could lead to environmental impact and impact on agricultural households as environmental agent. The review found that the export activities along with agricultural support program shaped today Bangkok agricultural land without proper protecting mechanism for farming environment.

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The management of landscape has changed from traditionally scenic green beautification or physical construction to an approach towards multiple, integrated meanings of dynamics, complex and perception, showing the importance of landscape management. Foodscape contains the close relationship among local people, environment, culture and action. Multi-ethnic areas can show more energy and multi-development trends, which involve food connections, social networks, and multi-cultural contexts. This study is a participatory action research, focusing on multi-ethnic areas located in Longtan and Longgang, to explore the effects of food on landscape development and their layers accumulated in our lifescapes. It is found that food design action in Longtan old districts shows a practice strategy that integrates multi-cultural landscapes. Civic agricultural activities in Gaoyuan community develop a foodscape with community care and material cycle. The immigration and integration of multiple ethnicities in Longgang indicate planned economic activities and multi-cultural interactions. This encourages mutual care and restorative foodscape. In summary, food-oriented social design shows an innovative, empowering, enrooted-locallysystem that leads people and communities from self-development to public participation, promotes local welfare and sustainable development, and establishes a newer type of societal development and idea of community care.

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To reduce and control the demand for private car use, various mobility management schemes have been developed. Mobility management can be categorized into two types: hard measures and soft measures. Hard measures as conventional methods have confronted financial issues or public opposition. In contrast, soft measures have been gradually increasingly discussed for changing the psychology of travelers for pro-environmental travel behavior change without appeal to reward and punishment in travel cost, but the mechanism of the effectiveness of soft measures in travel behavior has not been fully revealed. Hence, this research first compares the two types of measures to clarify the scope of needed knowledge for soft measures, that is, behavioral theories located in diverse sub-disciplines of psychology; in turn reviews behavioral theories and their applications in transportation to reveal the psychological processes underpinning the effectiveness of soft measures capable of changing the factors in the processes; and finally suggests that soft measures are necessary complements to hard measures in mobility management and that volitional factors and strategies in soft measures are in need of more attention and discussion.

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